Prithviraj Chauhan was born in 1166 and died in 1192 at the hands of Muhammad Ghuri. Prithviraj Chauhan was the Rajput King of the Chauhan Clan.
Who was Prithviraj Chauhan's Father and Mother?
- Prithviraj Chauhan was the son of Someshvara and karpuradevi.
After taking the oath of the kingdom Prithviraj Chauhan stretched Kingdom from Sthanvishvara in the north to Mewar in the south. He controlled modern-day Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Delhi, Haryana, and some parts of Punjab. The capital of his kingdom was Ajmer.
Early Life of Prithviraj Chauhan
In Gujarat, where his father Someshvara was raised by his maternal relations, Prithviraj Chauhan and his younger brother were both raised. Prithviraj Chauhan had a good education. It says he was fluent in six languages. It appears that Prithviraj Raso exaggerated when he said that Prithviraj had learned 14 languages. In addition, Prithviraj Raso has asserted that he is an expert in a variety of fields, including arithmetic, medicine, history, the military, defense, painting, religion, and philosophy. The narrative asserts that Prithviraj Chauhan was an expert archer as well. Both texts claim that Prithviraj showed an early passion for combat and was able to pick up the challenging military abilities rapidly because of this.
When Prithviraj II passed away, Someshvara, the father of Prithviraj Chauhan, was crowned king of Chahamana. At the time, Prithviraj was only 11 years old. When Someshvara died in 1177 CE, 11-year-old Prithviraj Chauhan succeeded to the kingdom that year with his mother serving as regent. Prithviraj Chauhan's mother oversaw administration in the early years of his reign as king, with assistance from the regency council.
Important Ministry of the Prithviraj Chauhan
During this time, Kadambavasa, also known as Kaimasa or Kailash, served as the country's chief minister. He was portrayed in folklore as a capable minister and soldier who dedicated his life to the development of the young monarch. Additionally, according to Prithviraj Vijaya, Kadambavasa was in charge of all the military triumphs during the first few years of Prithviraj's rule. A man by the name of Pratapa-Simha, according to Prithviraja-Prabandha, conspired against the minister and completely persuaded Prithviraj Chauhan to believe that the minister was to blame for the frequent Muslim assaults on his realm. Prithviraj Chauhan later executed the minister as a result of this.
Bhuvanaikamalla, Prithviraj's mother's paternal uncle, is another significant minister who is mentioned in the "Prithviraja Vijaya." He was a very talented general who served Prithviraj Chauhan, according to the poem. The ancient writings also mention Bhuvanaikamalla's skill as a painter. In the year 1180 CE, Prithviraj Chauhan took over the actual authority of the government.
Conflicts of Prithviraj Chauhan with other Kings
After taking total control in 1180 Prithviraj Chauhan Captured Gudapura from Nagarjuna. Nagarjuna was the son of Prithviraj Chauhan's Uncle Vigraharaja IV, who revolted against his coronation of him on the throne. It was one of the earlier wins Prithviraj Chauhan.
The conflict between Prithviraj Chauhan and the Bhadanakas?
In the year 1182 CE, Prithviraj conquered his cousin entirely before moving on to seize the neighboring kingdom of the Bhadanakas. An unknown dynasty known as the Bhadanakas ruled the region around Bayana. Due to Bhadanakas' conquest of the region around Delhi, which was governed by the Chahamana dynasty, the Chahamana dynasty was constantly in danger. As the potential threat grew, Prithviraj Chauhan made the decision to completely eradicate the Bhadanakas.
Prithviraj Chauhan’s Conflict with the Chandelas?
The Madanpur inscriptions from Prithviraj's reign claimed that he had vanquished the Jejakabhukti, which was governed by Chandela ruler Paramardi, between the years 1182 and 1183 CE. After Prithviraj beat the Chandala monarch, many other kings developed a dislike for him, which led to an alliance between the Chandelas and the Gahadavalas. Prithviraj's camp had been attacked by the joint Chandelas-Gahadavalas force, but they were quickly routed. A few days after the war, the alliance was dissolved, and both kings were put to death. A peace agreement between Prithviraj Chauhan and Bhima II, the ruler of Gujarat, was signed in the year 1187 CE, according to the Kharatara-Gachchha-Pattavali.
The conflict between Prithviraj Chauhan and the Gahadavalas?
The most potent ruler of the Gahadavala kingdom, Jayachandra, and Prithviraj Chauhan clashed, according to Prithviraja Vijaya's stories. The fact that Prithviraj Chauhan fled with Samyogita, the daughter of Jayachandra, sparked a conflict between the two monarchs. Popular legends like Prithviraja Vijaya, Ain-i-Akbari, and Surjana-Charita all make reference to the incident, although many historians think these tales might not be true.
Reign of Prithviraj
In 1179 CE, Prithviraj's father was killed in combat, making him the next king. He oversaw both Ajmer and Delhi, and after ascending to the throne, he started a number of initiatives to broaden his realm. He began by conquering the smaller States of Rajasthan, and he was ultimately successful in doing so. After that, he fought and vanquished the Chandelas at Mahoba and Khajuraho. In 1182 CE, he began a campaign against the Gujarati Chalukyas, sparking a protracted battle. In 1187 CE, Bhima 11 ultimately succeeded in defeating him. Additionally, Prithviraj fought the Kannauj Gahadavalas. Despite being successful in growing his kingdom, he kept to himself politically and separated himself from other nearby states.
Important Battles of Prithviraj Chauhan
Even though Prithviraj Chauhan, a highly well-known ruler of his day, engaged in numerous conflicts throughout his reign, certain of those battles are well-known. The Muslim dynasties conducted many expeditions on the northwest regions of the subcontinent in the 12th century, which allowed them to seize the majority of that region. One such dynasty was the Ghurid dynasty, whose leader Muhammad of Ghor traversed the Indus river to seize Multan, a former outpost of the Chahamana kingdom. The western regions of Prithviraj's kingdom were under Ghor's power. Now that Prithviraj Chauhan was in charge of the east, Muhammad Ghor desired to enlarge his kingdom in that region. This caused frequent conflicts between the two. Prithviraj and Muhammad of Ghor are said to have engaged in numerous conflicts, but there is little proof for all but two of them. which were referred to as the Tarain battles.
The First Battle of Tarain
In the year 1190 CE, the Tarain War, the first battle of Tarain, started. Muhammad Ghor had already taken control of Tabarhinda, a portion of Chahamana, prior to the start of this conflict. When Prithviraj heard the news, he became extremely angry. He started a campaign to get there. After taking Tabarhindah, Ghor had made the decision to return to his base, but when he learned of Prithviraj's onslaught, he changed his mind and decided to keep his army and put up a fight. There were numerous losses in the conflict between the two forces. Ghor was wounded as a result of Prithviraj's army defeating Ghor's army, but he managed to flee.
The Second Battle of Tarain
Muhammad Ghor was defeated by Prithviraj in the first battle of Tarain, and after that, Prithviraj had no desire to confront him again because, to him, the first war had become merely a frontier conflict. He didn't anticipate having to face Muhammad Muhammad Ghor again since he undervalued him. According to legend, Muhammad Ghor ambushed Prithviraj during the night and fooled his army. Even though Prithviraj's army was small and he had few Hindu friends, he put up a fair battle. In the second battle of Tarain, Muhammad Ghor finally overcame him, and Chahamana was taken as a prisoner.
Death Of Prithviraj Chauhan
It is significant to highlight that it is unclear exactly when and how he passed away. According to numerous records from the Middle Ages, Muhammad of Ghor transported Prithviraj to Ajmer where he was confined as a vassal of the Ghurids. After challenging Muhammad of Ghor, Prithviraj Chauhan rebelled and was later put to death for treason. The "horse-and-Bullman" style coins, which bear the names "Muhammad bin Sam" on one side and "Prithviraj" on the other, lend credence to this notion. The precise cause of Prithviraj Chauhan's passing is unclear according to all available sources.
Prithviraja-Prabandha claims that Prithviraj Chauhan has preserved the structure that was next to the court and the apartment of Muhammad of Ghor. In order to carry out his plan to murder Muhammad, Prithviraj Chauhan requested a bow and arrows from his minister Pratapasimha. Minister granted his request and gave him the guns, but he also told Muhammad about the covert strategy that Prithviraj had been preparing to have him killed. Later, Prithviraj Chauhan was kidnapped and dropped into a pit where he was stoned to death.
According to Hammira Mahakavya, After being defeated, Prithviraj Chauhan allegedly refused to eat, which finally caused his demise. Other sources claim that Prithviraj Chauhan was murdered right away after he passed away. Prithviraj Raso claims that after being transferred to Ghazna, where he was blinded, Prithviraj was later murdered in the prison. "Viruddha-Vidhi Vidhvansa" claims that Prithviraj Chauhan died right away following the conflict.
How many times Ghori lost to Prithviraj?
Conclusion
According to many historians, Prithviraj Chauhan's empire extended from the foothills of the Himalayan in the North to Mount Abu in the South. His empire extended from the Betwa River to the Sutlej river when we consider East to West. If we include the present day, the empire of Prithviraj Chauhan had Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, and Punjab. Prithviraj Chauhan was the symbol of Indian power before the beginning of the Islamic rulers in medieval India.